Activation of the extracytoplasmic function σ factor σ V by lysozyme

Evidence of a Bacterial Receptor for Lysozyme: Binding of Lysozyme to the Anti-σ Factor RsiV Controls Activation of the ECF σ Factor σV

σ factors endow RNA polymerase with promoter specificity in bacteria. Extra-Cytoplasmic Function (ECF) σ factors represent the largest and most diverse family of σ factors. Most ECF σ factors must be activated in response to an external signal. One mechanism of activation is the stepwise proteolytic destruction of an anti-σ factor via Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (RIP). In most cases, th...

Regulation of Energy Metabolism by the Extracytoplasmic Function (ECF) σ Factors of Arcobacter butzleri

The extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are fundamental for bacterial adaptation to distinct environments and for survival under different stress conditions. The emerging pathogen Arcobacter butzleri possesses seven putative pairs of σ/anti-σ factors belonging to the ECF family. Here, we report the identification of the genes regulated by five out of the seven A. butzleri ECF σ factors. T...

On Σ-v Rings

We discuss various properties of a ring over which each simple module is Σ-injective. We shall consider associative rings with identity. Our modules will be unital right modules unless stated otherwise. The class of right V rings was introduced by Villamayor [20]. A ring R is called a right V ring if each simple right Rmodule is injective. It is a well-known unpublished result due to Kaplansky ...

σ-Normality of Topological Spaces

Extracytoplasmic function σ factors of the widely distributed group ECF41 contain a fused regulatory domain

Bacteria need signal transducing systems to respond to environmental changes. Next to one- and two-component systems, alternative σ factors of the extra-cytoplasmic function (ECF) protein family represent the third fundamental mechanism of bacterial signal transduction. A comprehensive classification of these proteins identified more than 40 phylogenetically distinct groups, most of which are n...